The odontogenic performance of human dental pulp stem cell in 3-dimensional chitosan and nano-bioactive glass-based scaffold material with different pores size

Background
This study focused on the development of biocompatible and biodegradable homoporous chitosan scaffolds containing nano-bioactive glass 58S for dental tissue regeneration. For this aim, we developed a new chemical route to obtain homoporous scaffolds that mimic cancellous bone by utilizing HO.
Materials and methods
Different properties of the prepared powder of 58S were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential scanning colometric (DSC), X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The developed scaffolds were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope in comparison with heteroporous scaffolds prepared in the absence of HO. Stem cells from dental pulp were seeded onto the prepared scaffolds for different periods of time. The ability to differentiate toward an odontogenic lineage was studied for the loaded cells with the prepared scaffolds.
Results
The size of the prepared nano-bioglass 58S nanoparticles was in the range of 23.9–98.18 nm. The scaffolds prepared using HO exhibited homogenous porous scaffolds in the range of 250–450 μm size when compared with scaffold synthesized in the absence of HO, which demonstrated heterogeneous scaffolds in the range of 350–700 μm. The cell studies showed better cell growth and biomineralization with the heterogeneous scaffolds compared with homogenous microarchitecture.
Conclusion
The microarchitecture of heterogeneous scaffolds plays a significant role in dental pulp stem cell differentiation and calcified tissue development as well as provides new possibilities for dental tissue engineering.